- How to monitor progress on the CE and macro-level when the baseline is so limited.
- There is a substantial time lag – when to expect effects and communicate them.
- Measuring circularity at a city level requires both a city wide CE metrics and a municipality narrative (e.g. case studies on micro-initiatives).
- If data sources like surveys are identified for indicators, it should be considered that operationalising the concept of CE in surveys is very difficult.
- The value of comparisons between cities may be questionable due to their specificities and different available statistics. Since objectives and indicators should be linked, different objectives would make difficult comparisons between cities.
- It is challenging to have indicators that can be measured on an annual/regular basis at a city level.
Challenges – a selection