Public infrastructure and services

Infrastructures are connective structures that enable people in a city to get the resources they need (e.g., from the environment) and bring them to the city; or they may enable flows or cycles in city. Infrastructure types include communication, water, energy, mobility (transport) infrastructure, digital and green infrastructures, as specified below.

Water

This includes supply, sanitation and the management of clean waste and surface waters, including irrigation, drainage and collection.

Energy

This includes generation, transmission and distribution infrastructures for various available energy sources (e.g. power plants, nuclear plants, hydroelectric dams, solar installations, wind farms, bio-energy systems).

Mobility / Transport

Includes human and goods transportation and general mobility infrastructures (e.g. roads, airports, railways, ports, promenades, bridges, pavements, footpaths, bicycle paths)

Waste (as a resource)

Waste refers to anything that no longer has a use or purpose and needs to be collected, potentially transported and discarded or disposed of. It includes municipal and industrial waste. Some examples of waste are household trash, wastewater, hazardous waste (e.g. containing hazardous chemicals) and radioactive waste (may require special processing and disposal).

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